��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ģʽ��

2008-4-21

ժ Ҫ����ڷ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ģʽѡ��ⲿӰ��ػ��ϣ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵĺ��⼯Ⱥʽ��ҵ԰��ģʽ��ս�ԡ�

�ؼ��ʣ���Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ�ģʽս��

һ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ģʽս��ѡ��Ӱ��

��һ��Ӫ��ҵ��״��Ӫ��ҵӵ�е��Դ��֯��Ӱ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ģʽ��ѡ��һ��˵��ҵͨ��ģʽ��ɻ�öԲ��ҵ��Ҫ��Դ��ͨ��½��ģʽ��ҵ��Ҫ��ӵ�е��Դ��ˣ�ӵ��ʵ��Դ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѡ��½�ģʽ��룻��û��ʵ��Դ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѡ�񲢹��룬��Լ�ӵ�еĽ��Դ��չ��ҵ��м�ֵ��Դ��

��⣬��ڿ��½�Ҫ��ߵ��֯��Anderson��Svenssonl994��ָ��һ��ҵ��֯�͹��Խǿ��ҵѡ��Ŀ��Խ��෴��һ��ҵ�ļ��Խǿ��ѡ��̵�Ͷ�ʵĿ��Խ�󡣶��֯�͹��ͬ��ҵ��֪ʶ��أ��ͬ��ҵ�ļ��չ�ͼ��µ��йأ��ҵ�Ĺ��ʾ��ͨ��ҵ��֯�͹��ϵ��ˣ�ӵ�н϶��ʾ��ҵ��ѡ��չ��ʽ��ص��ҵ�Ļ��ϡ��ҵ��Ϊһ��Ⱥ��ض��Ⱥ��Ļ��ҵ�Ļ��ֵ�ۡ��ҵ����¹淶��Ϊ׼��ʷ��ͳ��Ļ��ȡ��ҵ֮�䣬��ڵ��򡢹�ģˮƽ��ҵ�ص��ʷ��ͳ�ϴ��ڲ�ͬ��ҵ�Ļ�Ҳ��ֳ��ԡ��ֲ��ֱ�ӵ��¿��ҵ��Ӫ˼�롢��ֵ����ʽ��ƶȵȷ��ĳ�ͻ��Ŀ��ҵ��ҵ֮��Ļ��Ƚϴ��ô��Ļ��Ѷ�Ҳ�ʹ󣬴�ʱ��ȡ��Ͳ��ȡ��ѡ��ҵ�Ļ��Խ��ʱ��Ҫ��ҲԽ�ߡ��ҵ��֯��Ƚ϶��ԣ��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ�ĺ��Ͷ��˳��Ÿո��𣬺��Ⲣ��ֻ�ж̶̼��ʷ��Ӫ��ҵ�ձ�ȱ��㹻�ĺ��Ⲣ��ϲ��ҵ��ˣ�ʵʩ��ϻ��Ϲ��̻��ϳɱ�Ҳ��ϸߣ��ҲԶδ�ﵽԤ��ֵ��ʹԤ�ڵ��ЭͬЧӦ��ڷ��ӣ��һ��ʹԭ�Ⱦ�Ӫ��ҵ��Σ��;�ӪΣ��

��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵĶ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʵ��Ҫ��ǻ�ȡ��Ƚ��Ӫ��ҵ�Ӽ��ٽ��ϰ��ͷ��ա��ӿ��ٶȡ��ö�ȱ��Դ�ĽǶȿ��Ӧ��÷��ʱ��г����Ŷȸߵ��ص㣬��ʽ��ԣ�;�ͨ��Ӫҵ��Ϥ��ʹ��Ĺ��Ա��ҵ��Ӧ��ѡ�񲢹��ʽ��ڹ�Ȩ��ϣ��ڸ��Ͷ�ʶԹ�Ȩ��Ҫ��Һ��Щ��滹��ѧϰ��ˣ��ɸ��࿼�Ƕ��Ȩ�ĺ��ʷ�ʽ��ر��ǶԽ��뼼��̶Ƚϸߡ��ϰ��϶�ķ��г��ձ��ŷ��ң��ʲ��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ϊ��û�к��ʵĲ��Ҳ�ɿ��Ƕ��˽�Ͷ�ʳɱ��С��з��ȣ��õ��ص��˲��Դ��Ƚ��Ƚ��Ļ��У��似��͹��ЧӦ��¹��պ��²�Ʒ��о��Ϳ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��һ��Ҫ��Ѱ��Ȼ��Դ��ҹ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��Ƿ��ʱ��ʣ�͵�Ͷ�ʣ��ˣ��Ӫ��ҵ�Ŀ��Ͷ��Ӧ��ϳ��Դ��г��ս�Ե��ֱ�Ӵӹ��ȡ�õͳɱ��Ȼ��Դ��ֲ��ĸ��˾��Դ�Ĳ��㡣��ֶ��ֱ��Ͷ��Ӧ�Ժ��Ϊ��ʾ�Ӫ��붫��໥��εĺ��ϵ��ڷ��չ��Դ��ȷ��ȶ��ĺ��Դ��Ȼ��Դ�Ŀ��ϸ�Ŀ��ƣ��ڻ�ö��֧�֣��Դ��Ͷ�ʹ�ģһ��ϴ󣬺��ڶ�Ͷ��Դ�ķֵ��Խ��Ͷ�ʷ��ա�

��ҵ�ľ��״��ĳһ��ҵ��ҵ��ڶ࣬�г��ң��г��ڱ��ͣ��ҵ�ľ��㣬��ͨ��½��ҵ��붫��г��߲��Ӿ��Ŀ��ʹ��Ӿ��޷��£��ҵ��ѡ�񲢹��ʽ��롣

��ģ��߷��ء��Թ��Ϊ��ĵ��ߡ�˫�ߺͶ�ߵĹ��Ͷ��߷��桢Э�鲻��ƣ��Ҿ��Э��ǩ��ڹ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ�Ϊ��˸�Ϊ��ɵĹ��ʻ��ڿ��Ϳ��½��Զ��ЧӦ��ͬ��½��ڶ��Ͷ��ҵ�ҿ��ܻ�Զ��г��γ�¢�ϡ��ˣ��Щ��Һܿ��ܻ�䲼һЩ��ɷ��棨��練¢�Ϸ��Կ��й��ơ��磬��1998��ǰ��ʾͽ�ֹ��ҵ��ҵ�󲿷ֹɷݵȡ��Ҫ��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ�ڽ��ǰӦ��˽ⶫ��ĸ��߷��棬�ڲ��붫��߷��ͻ��ǰ��£�ѡ��ʺϵĽ��ģʽ��ͬʱ��ڹ��Ŀ��ǣ��Ժ��ʺͶ��Ҳ��ȡ��ͬ��ߡ��磬һЩ��չ�й��ҵ��ʷ��͹涨��Ͷ�ʷ��Ĺɷ��ں��ҵ��ռ�ı��51%��ϣ��Ŀ��ڴӷ��ȷ��Ͷ��ҵ�еľ�ӪȨ��ֹ��Ͷ�ʶԺ��ҵ�Ŀ��ơ��⣬��ͬ��ҡ��ͬ��в�ͬ��Ͷ��λ��Ͷ��߿�ͨ��Ͷ�ʻ��Զ��Ͷ��λ��һ��˵��Ͷ��λ��Խ�ã��˾��Խ��ѡ��ʻ򲢹��ʽ��˶��ˣ�Ͷ�ʽ��ܹ��͸��Ⱥ͵��ʵĻ�ӭ̬�ȶ�FDI�Ľ��ģʽ��ľ�Ӫ�ɱ��ȶ��нϴ��Ӱ�졣

��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��ģʽ��Ⱥʽ��⹤ҵ԰��ģʽ

��һ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ⱥʽ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��ơ��ɷ��ϣ��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��С�͵ģ��бȽ��ƵĲ�Ʒ�Ƿ�֯��ʳƷ��С��ߡ�Ьñ��е�ӹ��Դ�ܼ��ͺ��Ͷ��ܼ��Ͳ�ҵ��ҹ�ʵʩ��ֱ��Ͷ��ս�Ե�һ��ǰ��ڻ�ȡ��Ȼ��Դ��ѧϰ��Ƚ��յȶ��Ӫ��ҵ��˹��ʻ�֮·��£��С��ҵ��Ⱥ��ص��ҵ��Ⱥʽ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʼ��С��ҵ��ͺʹ��ҵ��Ʒ��ʵ��Ӧ��Ϊ�ҹ��Ӫ��С��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��ѽ��ģʽ��ȣ�ͨ��Ӫ��С��ҵ��Ⱥʽ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʲ��ҵ��ģЧӦ��Ӫ��С��ҵ�ڶ��һ��ڴ��۹��Ӷ��רҵ��ֹ��Ⱥ�ڵ��Ϣ��е��ʩ�ͷ��ȣ�Ϊ��Ⱥ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ե��ⲿ��ģ��á��Σ��Ӫ��ҵͨ��ȺͶ�ʣ��޶ȵĽ��ͳɱ��Ӷ�ǿ��ơ��Ӫ�У��Եͼ��ʼ�ʱ��Ҫ�ض��Ӫ��С��ҵ��ͷ�չ��Ҫ�ģ��Ϣ��Ҫ�ػ�ȡ��Ҫ��塣��ҵ��Ⱥʹ��ҵ��С��Ϣ��ٶȿ죬�ʼ�Ⱥ��ҵ�ڻ�ȡ��ˡ��г��Ϣ��ר��֪ʶ�ȷ��棬��ԵıȽ��ơ��⣬ͨ��Ⱥ��̸��ɽ��Ͳɹ��ɱ��ٴΣ��ȺͶ�ʿɽ��ҵ�ĺ��Ͷ�ʷ��գ��ҵ�е��յ��ҵͨ��μӼ�Ⱥ�ڵ�רҵ��ֹ��ɽ�Լ�Թ̶��ʲ��Ͷ�ʣ��豸��ʡ��ҵ��Ⱥ�ڲ��ĵ��λ�ÿ��Ʒ��ɱ��ϵͣ��ҵռ�õ��ʽ�Ҳ�ɽ�һ��ͣ��ʹ��ҵ�Թ̶��ʲ��ʲ��Ͷ�ʲ��̫�ߣ�ʹ��Ͷ�ʷ��մ�󽵵͡��󣬼�ȺͶ��ͨ��컯��߲�Ʒ��ֵ��ͬʱ��ҵ��Ķ��Ծ��Ⱥ��ͬһ��ҵ��ҵ�߶ȼ��У��˴��ṩ�Ĳ�Ʒ��ͬ��Ⱥ�ڲ��Ӫ��ҵ��ཱུ�۵Ķ��Ծ��Լ�Ⱥ�ڵ�ÿ��Ա��Ⱥ��ҵ��Ľ��͹�ͬ��Լ��ͨ��Э��Ĳ��ϸ��г��ʵ�в��컯��ÿһ��ϸ��г��ϣ��ƣ��㲻ͬ��Ρ��ͬ��ߣ��Ӷ��õ��棬��ҵ��

��Ⱥʽ��⹤ҵ԰��ģʽ��Ⱥʽ��֯��Ϊһ�ֽ��г��Ͳ㼶�ʵ��м��֯��ΪȺ��Ӫ��ҵ��ʩ��ݻ�ȡ��Ϣ��ȱ��һ��ԭ��С��ҵ��ӦѸ�ٵ��ŵ㡣��ȱ��ľ���ڲ��ģЧӦ��Ӫ��ҵ��˵��ӪЧ�ʵĽݾ��Ϊ��õط�չ��ּ�Ⱥʽ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��Ҫ��淶��Ч�ĺ��ʵҵͶ�ʷ�ʽ��Ϊ��С��Ӫ��ҵ��⹤ҵ԰��һ��µĳ��ԡ��ҵ԰��չģʽ��˵��İ��ҹ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵľ��У��̹�ҵ԰��һ��߳�Ч��ߴ�ʩ��ڹ�ҵ԰��ʵ�ƽ̨��Ϊ��Ͷ��ṩһϵ��Żݴ�ʩ��׷��񣬽��Ͷ�ʷ��գ��Ͷ��Ч�ʡ��Դ�Ϊ��ۺ�ʵ��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��Ҳ��ֹ�ҵ԰��Ͷ��ģʽ��·�ʽ��磬�Ϸ��л��ҵ��ģ��㽭��ڻ��ʵҵ��ţ��޹�˾��Լ��˹��ҵ��ģ��ڳ��֮��ܶ��˻��ɡ��Ϸ��л��ҵ��ѷ�չ��Ŀǰ�Ϸǹ�ģ��롢��ȫ��й��Ʒѡ��Ҳ��ҵ��Ϸ��̳��Ŀ��ۡ��ִ��չ��Ϣ��һ�壬�㼯�й��Ʒ��

��Ӫ��ҵͨ��Ⱥ��ʽͶ�ʵ��⹤ҵ԰��ȿɷ��Ӻ��⹤ҵ԰��ĳ��Ҳ�ɳ��ʵ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ⱥ��ơ��ҵ԰��Ͷ��ģʽΪ�ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ⱥʽ�߳��ţ����һ��õ�Ͷ��Ϣ��Ӫ��ƽ̨��ҵ԰��Ͷ��ģʽ�ĺ��ʻ��һ��Ƕ��뵱��õĹ�ͨ��԰��ڵ��ҵ��ø��ϵ��Ż��Դ�ϵķ��֡��⣬��⹤ҵ԰��ǿ��Ӫ��ҵ��⾭Ӫ��յĵ��Ϊ�ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵı��ɡ�ͱܷ�ۡ��ҵ԰��Ч�ı��ҹ��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��и��ΪӪ�ķ�ɢ״��ڷ�ɢ״��£��Ӫ��ҵ��ޣ��ڵ��ֱ䶯��Ļ��ᶯ��ܲƲ��ʧ��˺��Ӫ��ҵ�ۼ��ڹ�ҵ԰��ܸ��õĵ��⾭Ӫ�ĸ��ַ��ա��濼��Ҳ��ע�ر��ҵ԰��ȫ�ȶ��

��Դ�� ��ݺᡷ