��Σ��ʱ��й��ҵ��߳�ȥ��ʽ��̽��

2011-8-18

ժҪ����ҹ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��Ĳ��Լӿ죬��Ͷ�ʷ�չѸ�١��ʽ��Σ��羭�ø��̵��ҹ��÷�չҲ��µķ�չ�׶Σ��һ��Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��Ͷ�ʴ��µĻ��Ͷ��Թ��ʾ��ú��λ��±仯��ͳ�Ķ��Ͷ�ʷ�ʽԽ��Խ��㵱ǰ��÷�չ��Ҫ�󣬿͹��Ҫ��¶��Ͷ�ʷ�ʽ��ⲻ��ҹ��;��ý�һ��չ��Ҫ��Ҳ��ҹ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��ս��Ȳ�ʵʩ��Ҫ��ݡ�

���ؼ��ʣ���Σ��߳�ȥ��ʽ��˼·

��й��ҵ��߳�ȥ��ʵ�Ĳ��ȡ��ʵЧ��ӳ��ڵĹ��⾭óרҵ��˾��ó��˾��չΪ��С��Ӫ��С��ҵ��ͷ��Ͷ�ʷ�ʽ�ͺ��Ԫ��ĸ�֡��ӳ��ڵĽ��㿪�조��ڡ��չ��̵�Ͷ�ʡ��Ⲣ��ӹ�ó�׿��Դ��Դ��࣬Ͷ�ʺ��ʽ��ḻ��й��Ķ��ֱ��Ͷ��ѽ��µķ�չ�׶Ρ�

��ڹ��ʽ��Σ��ĳ��£��ʱ��Ͷ��벢����ή��ȫ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʳ��½��ơ��й��Ķ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʲ��û�зŻ��Ų��Ϊ��ķ�չ�й��ң��ҹ��ͬ��220��Һ͵��ó��μ��˼��е��Ҫ��ʡ��֯��ҹ��ҵĿǰ��170��Һ͵��¶��Ͷ�ʡ��й��Ϊ��ǰȫ��Ĺ��ң�ͬʱҲ��Ϊȫ��Ͷ��ķ�չ�й��֮һ��Σ��ҹ��ǳ��Խ��Խ��ĺ��Ͷ�ʷ��պ�ȫ��ս��Ϊ�ˣ�̽��о�Σ��ҹ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʵķ�ʽ��;��и��Ҫ��ۼ�ֵ��ʵ��塣

����Σ��ʱ��й��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��״

��ҹ��Ͷ�ʵ��ʵ��Ԥ�ڴ��һ��Ĳ�࣬��ҹ��ҵ�Ķ��Ͷ�ʳʿ��ͷ��ȡ��ͻ��ĳɼ��

��һ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʷ�չѸ��

��й��ʵʩ��߳�ȥ��ս��ֱ��Ͷ�ʳ��ֳ��ٷ�չ��̬�ƣ��й��ҵ�𽥳�Ϊȫ��ֱ��Ͷ��һ֧��ҹ��߳�ȥ��ս�ԵĹ㷺ʵʩ��й��ҵ��羭�ûԽ��ԽƵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��ֲ�Խ��Խ�㡣��ͳ�ƣ��ֹ2009��ף��ҹ��1.2��Ҿ��ҵ��Ͷ��ھ��1.3��ҵ��2000��4.5��ࡣ��2000�굽2008�꣬�ҹ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʴ�5.72��Ԫ��433��Ԫ��й��ֱ��Ͷ��걣��ͷ��ٴ�54%��2009�꣬�й��ֱ��Ͷ��ռȫ��5.1%��λ�ӷ�չ�й��ҵ��֮�ף��ȫ��λ��2010�꣬�ҹ��Ͷ��߹��129��Һ͵��˶��ֱ��Ͷ�ʣ��ۼƽ��590��Ԫ��ͬ��36.3%��ҹ��Ķ��ֱ��Ͷ��ȡ��ϲ�˵ļѼ��

��Ͷ��ģʽ��ϴ��

��ҹ��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ��𲽽��Ͷ�ʶ��̽Ϊ��Ҫ��ȡ��ʷ�ʽ��Ŷ��Ͷ�ʹ�ģ��Ͷ�ʵķ�ʽҲ��ϴ��¡��ӵ��̵�Ͷ��ת�䡣ȫ��Σ��һ��Ƹ��ǰ��ѳ�Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ��г��Ҫ�ֶκͷ�ʽ��

��ҹ��õĿ��ٷ�չ��߳�ȥ��ս�ԵĽ�һ��ʵʩ��ҵ��ʵ��ǿ�Լ��Բ��ʶ��ҵ��Ƶ��Ӵ�Ч��Ŀǰ��ҹ��Ĳ��Ҫ��ʯ�͡��š��ͨ�ȹ��Դ�ͻ��ʩ��ҵ��˴ν��Σ��Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ�Ŀ��Ͷ�ʵ춨��õĻ��˺��Ⲣ��˳��й��ҵ�ѳ�Ϊȫ�򲢹��г��ϵ��¹��١��ģ��Ӱ�춼�ﵽ�˿�ǰ�ĳ̶ȡ��Ȼ2009��Ľ��Σ��ʹ��г��й��ҵȴƾ��㴢��ӿ��˶��Ͷ�ʵĲ��2009��ϰ��꣬��ȫ��ģͬ��½�35%��£��й��ҵ�ĺ��Ⲣ��ܶ�ȴͬ��40%��ڵ¹��λ��ڶ��漰��ŷ��ж��ǡ��ޡ��ǡ��ŷ�ȴ�ͳ��Ҫ��͵��й��ҵ��Ӱ��ɴ˿ɼ��й��ҵʵ��ǿ�͹��Һ�۾��Ĳ��ϸ��ƣ��ڽ��һ��ϳ�ʱ��ڣ�ͨ��ȡ��Դ��г��ҹ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʺ��˾��Ҫ;��

��ʵʩ��ս��չ��Ͷ�ʺ��

��ҹ��߳�ȥ��ս�ԵĹ㷺ʵʩ��й��ҵ��羭�ûԽ��ԽƵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��ֲ��ӹ㷺��Ͽ��й��ҵ�Ķ��Ͷ��й��÷�չ�׶��ϵġ�Ϊ�˼��ٻ��ܶ��Ͷ�ʵķ��գ��й��ҵ��ʵʩ��ս�Ե�ǰ��£��ͼ��Ͷ��λ��ʵ�ֶ�Ԫ��

��й��ҵ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʹ��У��ʵʩ��ľ�Ӫս�ԣ��ھ��Ϥ��Ӧ��Ͷ�ʻ��ú��ܶ��е��Ż��ߣ��ڻ�õ��ڵĹ㷺��ͬ��֧�֣��ٻ��ҵ�ⲿ��Ͷ��뾭Ӫ��ա��Ŀ��˾��ɿڿ��֡�Ħ��IBM�ȹ�˾�ڿ��Ͷ��뾭Ӫ�л�þ޴�ɹ��ںܴ�̶��ϵ��䱾��ս�Եĳɹ�ʵʩ��й��ҵ�ں��ƵƵ��ơ��չ��ʽ�Ŀ����ҵ��⾭Ӫ��ͺ��޹�ϵ��

��2009��й��ֱ��Ͷ�ʾ���ٴ��ʷ�¸ߣ��γ��Ϊ��չ��ޡ��չŷ��Ķ�Ԫ��֡��ֱ��Ͷ�ʾ��ڵĹ��ҵ��9��й��ۡ��Ⱥ��Ĵ��ǡ�¬ɭ��¼��¡��Ӣ��ά��Ⱥ��ۼ��˵��Ͷ�ʾ��ľųɡ�ͬʱ��ںܶ��£��Ρ��ɱ��ó�ױ��ݵ�ԭ�򣬷�չ�й��Ȼ��ҹ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʵ��Ҫ��޺ͷ��޹��Ȼ��ҹ��ĺ��Ͷ��Ŀ�ĵء�

��ģ�Ͷ��Ԫ��γ�

��Σ��ҹ��ֱ��Ͷ��γ��˶��ƹ�ͬ��չ�Ķ�Ԫ��֣��ɵ�һ�Ĺ��ҵΪ��ת��Ϊ�ط��ҵ��Ӫ��ҵ��ҵ�෽��Ķ�Ԫ��֣��ҵΪͶ��壬��͵ط��ҵ��ã��Ӫ��ҵ�𲽳�Ϊ��߳�ȥ��2009��й��Ͷ��У��ҵ��ι�˾ռ��ݶ��90%��ң��ڷǽ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʴ��У��ҵ�͵�λռ80.2%��ط��ҵ��ռ19.8%��

��ɴ˿ɼ��й��ҵ��Ͷ�ʵ�ʵ��ҹ��Ķ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʷ�չѸ�٣�Ͷ��ģʽ��ϴ��£�Ͷ��򲻶��չ��Ͷ��Ԫ��Գ��ֵ��Щ��ҹ��Ͷ�ʵķ�չս�Ծ;��и�Ϊ��Ҫ��ʵ��塣

���ҹ��ֱ��Ͷ��»��ƴ��˼·

��й��Ķ��Ͷ�ʲ��ٶȺܿ죬��Ѹ�ٷ�չ�г��ֳ�һЩ�µ��ص㡣��Щ�ص㣬�ȴ��ҹ��Ͷ�ʵ��ƣ�Ҳ��ֳ��ҹ��Ͷ��»��Ƶ��ԡ��һ��ʱ�䣬�ҹ��ҵҪ�롰�߳�ȥ��Ͷ�ʣ��Ӧ��ʾ��û��±仯�͹��ڷ�չ��ʵ��Ҫ��ͱ��·��ȡ��ʵ��ͻ�ơ�

��һ��ǿ�ҹ��ҵ��Ͷ�ʷ��ʶ

��Σ��ҹ��ҵȫ��˶��Ͷ�ʵĴ��̨��ڽ��Σ��ֱ��Ͷ��ֵ�Ͷ�ʷ��գ��ҹ��ҵһ��Ҫ��ѵ��ʶ��ر��Ϊ��ȵ��֮��ì��⣬�͸�Ҫ��Ӧ�Է��յ�ƽ��ģ��Ӧ�Է��յĸ��׼��Ϊ��Ͷ�ʵ��ҵ��һ��Ҫ��յ��Դ��ȡ��Ϊ�ǻۡ��ԵĲ��Ժͷ��뵽�Լ��ɿصķ�Χ��ٻ򽵵ͷ��մ��ʧ��

��֧��ҵ��⽨��Լ��з��ĺ�Ӫ��

��ȱ��֪ʶ��Ȩ��¼��²�Ʒ�Լ��Ӫ��磬��Լ�ҹ��ҵת��ڴ��ڹ��ʷֹ��Ͷ˺��ó��ھ��Ч��µ��Ҫԭ��ԣ��Ҫ��Ŀ�ĵ��֧��ʵ��Ĵ��ҵ��ź͸߿Ƽ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��Ƽ��Դ�ܼ��ĵ��з��Ļ�߼��ҵ��ù��ĿƼ��Դ��˲ţ��֪ʶ��Ȩ��¼��²�Ʒ��֧��Ĺ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��ҹ��ڲ�Ʒ��Ҫ��г��Լ��Ӫ��磬ʵ�ֲ�ҵ��ֵ��ӵ��ֵ�ļӹ��컷��ֵ��Ӫ��ڵ��졣��ȿɴٽ��ҹ��ҵ��ת��߳��ڲ�Ʒ�Ĺ��ʾ��ֿɻ�ò��뾭��ȫ�򻯵ĸ��档

��Ե�ѡ��Ͷ��ͷ�ʽ

��ǰ��ҹ��÷�չ��ڽṹ��Ż��׶Σ��Ѹ��Ծ��ʽ��µ�Ҫ��ҹ�ԭ�еĲ�ҵ�ṹ�Ѳ��Ӧ��Ҫ��ڲ�ҵ�ṹ��ʵ��Դ��Ͷ��ܼ��ʱ��ܼ��͵�ת�䡣��ԣ��ҹ��ҵ�Ķ��Ͷ��ҲҪ˳Ӧ��һ�仯��ԭ��Դ��Ͷ��ܼ��Ͳ�ҵֱ��Ͷ�ʵĻ��ϣ��Խ��Ͷ�ʵĸ��׶Σ��ʵ��ڸ߸��ֵ��ҵ��ʾ��ú��Ŀ�ꡣ

��ĸ￪�Ŷ��Ŭ��̽��ҹ�Ŀǰ��ھ��÷�չ״��á��ڴ˱��£��Ӧ�ڼ��ﴫͳ��⹤�̳а��ʽ�Ļ��ϣ��յ�ǰ�Կ��Ϊ��Ķ��Ͷ��ߣ��ƶ��ҵ�Ը��Ͷ�ʷ�ʽ��뵽��ʾ��ú��С�

��ҹ��ҵ��ʵ��ǿ�ͶԲ��ʽ��˽⣬��ѱ��ҵ�㷺��á��˴ν��Σ��Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ�Ŀ��Ͷ�ʵ춨��õĻ��ҵӦץס��һΣ��Ǳ�ڻ��ͨ��ʽ�Խϵ͵ĳɱ��뷢��г��Σ��󣬲��ҵ��ʽ��ȱ��й��Ͷ�ʵ��г�׼��󲿷־��ҵ�г��ֵ��ˮ��Դ��Ʒ�ơ��ȼ۸��½��Ϊ�й�ʵ�ֵͳɱ��Ⲣ��ṩ�˻��й��ÿ��Ƚ��㴢��ԣ��߱�ץס��Ļ��

��ǰ��й��Ժ��Ⲣ��ʽʵ�ֵĶ��Ͷ�ʱ��ߡ�2010�꣬�ҹ��ҵ�Բ��ʽʵ�ֵĶ��ֱ��Ͷ�ʴ�238��Ԫ��ռͶ��ܶ��40.3%��Ҫ�漰�ɿ��졢��͹�Ӧ��רҵ��ȡ��й��ҵͨ��Ⲣ��ⲿ��Դ��г��ͳɱ��ȡ��Դ��з��Ʒ��г��ҹ��ҵ�Ĵ��ʾ��

��ģ��ӿ��н��ڻ��ʻ��Ӫ��

��ĸ￪��ҹ��Ҫͨ��нӹ��ҵת�ơ��Ƚ��豸��ƾ��Ͷ��ȵ�Ҫ�سɱ��ʷֹ��;��Ѹ�ٳɳ�Ϊ��ҵ��ҹ��ҵ��ת��Ͳ��ʷֹ��λ��ߣ��Լ�Խ��Խ��ҵ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��¶��Ͷ�ʣ��⾭Ӫ��Ҫ�ӿ��н��ڻ��ġ��߳�ȥ��չ��ҵ��Ϳ�չ��ʻ��Ӫ��ҹ��н��ڻ��ڹ��ʽ��г��Ӱ��Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ��ҵ��߳�ȥ��ṩ��ӱ�ݵĽ��ڱ��յȷ��񣬾��ı��ҹ��Ҫ��мӹ��ҵ��뾭��ȫ�򻯵ľ��棬�ٽ��ҹ��ҵ��򾭼ý��ǿ��ת�䡣

��֮��й��Ķ��Ͷ��ڴ��Ϊ��ս�Ի��ڣ��羭�õĸ��ս��̼ӿ죬�Լ��й��Ͷ�ʺ��Ƹĸ�Ľ�һ����ҵ��Ͷ�ʵ��Ľ��ǿ��й��Ͷ�ʽ��ֿ��ٷ�չ֮�ơ�

��ο��ף�

��1.��й��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ��о�[J].��о��2008.11

��2.��䡣�й��ֱ��Ͷ�ʵ�ó��ЧӦ�о�[J].��ó��ã�2009.4

��3.��ɡ��Σ��¾��Ⲣ��ļ�ֵ׷��ʵ��[J].��۾��о��2009.6

��4.��̣��Ρ��й��ֱ��Ͷ��ص㼰��չ��[J].��о��2009.10

��߼�飺��Ů��ѧԺ��ڣ�˶��Ҫ�о��򣺹��ó�ס��Ͷ�ʵȡ�

��Դ�� ��ҵʱ��