�й��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч�о��ϣ�

2011-10-8

ժҪ���ڶԴ��Ӫ��ҵ��ģʽ��Ļ��ϣ�̽��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺ�ϵ��֣��Ǽ��ҵ��ҵ��Ч�ϸߣ��ŵ��ҵ��֮��ͼ��ҵ�ļ�Ч�ϵ͡��ˣ��Ӫ��ҵ�ķ�չ��Ͻ��ҵ��ṹ�ĸ��ѡ��ҵ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��˳��չ��Ҫ��塣

���ؼ��ʣ���ṹ��ģʽ��Ч

һ��׻ع��о��

��ҵ��ĺ��ڽ��һϵ��ƶȰ��ţ��ҵ��ߵ�Ч�ʣ��Ӷ��ҵ��Ч��ƶȰ��ſɷ�Ϊ��ڴ��ۡ��Ȩ��۵Ĺ�˾�ڲ��г��Ϊ��ĵ��ⲿ��ͬ��ʷ��Ļ��ƶȵ��صĲ��죬�Լ��ҵ��ģ��г��ʻ��Ĳ�ͬ��ҵ��õ��ģʽҲ��Զ��ɷ�Ϊ��Ȩ��ɢ�͡��Ȩ��ͺͼ��͵ȼ��࣬��ͬ��ģʽ��ҵ��Ч��ͬ��Ӱ�죬��о��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ��ͳ�Ϊ��ѡ��ҵ��ģʽ��Ҫ��⡣��ѧ�߶��й��ҵ��ṹ��Լ��ƶȰ��ź͸��ҵ��ģʽ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺ�ϵ��˴��ۺ;��о��ȡ��ĳɹ��Щ�ɹ��ʶ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч��ϵ�Լ��ٽ��ҵ��ṹģʽת��Ҫ��ָ��á�

��Jaskiewicz��Kleint��55ƪ��14ƪ��Ƿ��м��ҵ��41ƪ��ǹ��еļ��ҵ��ڼ��ҵ��Ч��о��׵ķ��46%��о��Ϊ��ҵ��Ч��ڷǼ��ҵ��20%��о��Ϊ�Ǽ��ҵ��Ч��ڼ��ҵ��ֻ��8%��о��Ϊ��֮��ļ�Чû�в��26%��о��Ϊ��ⲿ��ؾ��ҵ��Ч��Ҫ�ǻ��ڼ��Ȩ��Ȩ�Ϳ��Ȩ��һ�ӽ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ�죬��Щ��׷ֱ��ݴ��ۡ��Դ��ۺ͹ܼ��۵ȣ��ҵ��ĳЩ��ܹ��ʹ��ɱ��Ϊ��ҵ��е��Դ��ͬʱҲ��һЩ��ػ��Ӵ��ɱ��ҵ��Ч��ƺ��ͨ��2006-2007�껦��A��454��Ӫ��й�˾�Ĺ��ݽ��о��־߱��Ƶļ��»��ơ��Ȩ�뾭ӪȨ��Ĳ�Ȩ��ִ��ҵ�ƶȡ��Ը��н�ķ�ʽƸ�þ��רҵ��ְҵ��ˡ��ί�ἰ��ר��ίԱ��ת��Ƶ��Ч��Լ��ڲ��ṹ��Ӫ��ҵ��ЧҲԽ�ߡ��ڽ��Ϻ�ʯ��2006�껦��115��м��ҵΪ�о��ӻع��о��м��ҵ��˾��뼨Ч�Ĺ�ϵ��ּ��߹�н�ꡢ�ܾ��м��幫˾ҵ��֮��ع�ϵ��Ҳ��ŵļ��ֹɱ��³��㽭ʡ��ҵ��Ӫ��ҵ��ݣ��Է��е��С�ͼ��ҵ��Ǽ��ҵ�ļ�Ч��˱Ƚϣ��о��ڿ��󣬼��ҵ�ļ�Ч��ڷǼ��ҵ��ڼ��ҵ�У�ȹ��ϵ�Լ�Ч��𺦣��һ��ֵ��ܽ��ˮƽ�뼨Ч��ء��־��ƽ��ݶ��㽭��ҵ�ĳ��ʵ֤�о��ó�һϵ�н��ۣ��ҵ��ⲿ�ʱ��͹��Դ��һ��׷��ۼ�Ч��򣻷��С��ҵ��ڡ�һ�ɶ��⣬��Ǿ��С�һ�ɶ��ƣ��ҵ��Ȩ�ָ��ҵ��Ч��ҵ�ⲿ��ʵġ��Ч�ʡ��ڡ��Ч�ʡ��Ľ��ͣ��ҵ��Ч�ʽ��õ��ơ��С��о��ҵ��Լ��ǿ��빫˾��Ч��أ��ϵ��ǿ��빫˾��Ч��أ��˾��ģ�뾭Ӫ��Ч��أ��ֹɱ��빫˾��Ч��أ��

��½׶��о��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч��ϵ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѡ��ģʽ��Ȼ��б�Ҫ�ԡ��ܹ��о��߻��й��ʵ�о��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺ�ϵ��ó��Ľ��ۣ��Ȼ��Ӫ��ҵ��С��Ƿ�Χ��խ��ҵ��ģʽ��಻��ͼ��Щ��ͻ�ƺʹ��£��ڴ��¸��Ӫ��ҵ��ص��ҵģʽ��з��࣬�ڴ˻��̽�ֲ�ͬ��Ӫ��ҵ��ģʽ��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ�죬��Ϊ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѡ��ģʽ�ṩ��Ľ��

����Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ģʽ��

��Ϊ��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ״��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ�죬��ѡ��ʹ�á�2007��й��ѧԺ��Ӫ��о��Ӫ��ҵ��ݿ⡷�е�597��Ӫ��ҵ��Ϊ��ȷ��ݣ��597��Ӫ��ҵ�ֱ�ֲ��㽭ʡ��185�ң��ʡ��75�ң��У�62�ң��㶫ʡ��58�ң��ӱ�ʡ��51�ң��ʡ��46�ң��ʡ��35�ң��Ϻ��У�31�ң��ʡ��25�ң��ʡ��20�ң��ɽ��ʡ��7�ң��ʡ��1�ң��Ĵ�ʡ��1�ң��13��ʡ�С�

��һ��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ģʽ��

��Ӫ��ҵ��ͬ��Զ��ģʽ��з��ࡣ��й��ҵ��ۣ��Լ��й��Ҫѡ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ȩ״��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��Ϊ��ģʽ��ݣ��Ȩ�Ϳ��Ȩ�ķֲ��Ӫ��ҵ��ģʽ��Ϊ��࣬��ŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ�ͷǼ��ҵ��ŵ��ҵ��ָ��Ȩ��س��50%��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ҵ�عɹɶ��ֱϵ��ε��Ӫ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��ֿ��Է�Ϊ��࣬��һ��Ǽ��Ȩ��س��50%��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ҵ�عɹɶ��ֱϵ��ε��Ӫ��ҵ��ڶ��Ǽ��Ȩ��ص��50%��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ҵ�عɹɶ��ֱϵ��ε��Ӫ��ҵ��ֱ��Ϊ�ִ��ҵ��1��ִ��ҵ��2��Ǽ��ҵ��ָ��Ȩ��ص��50%��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ҵ�عɹɶ��ֱϵ��ε��Ӫ��ҵ��ŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��ִ��ҵ��2��ڼ��ҵ��ģʽ��

��1��˸��׼��Ӫ��ҵ��ģʽ��з��597��ҵ�У��ŵ��ҵ��354�ң�ռ��59.3%��ִ��ҵ��1��91�ң�ռ��15.2%��ִ��ҵ��2��77�ң�ռ��12.9%��Ǽ��ҵ��75�ң�ռ��12.6%��ѿ��ҵ��Ȼ��Ӫ��ҵ��壬ռ��87.4%��д󲿷��ǹŵ��ҵ��ռ��ҵ��֮��ǿ��й��Ӫ��ҵ��ģʽ��廯��Ȼʮ��ԡ�

��ͬ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��ʲ��

��2��˲�ͬ��Ӫ��ҵ�ʲ��״��ҵƽ��ʲ��ģ��ԣ��Ǽ��ҵ��󣬴ﵽ50102.6��Ԫ��ִ��ҵ��2��͹ŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��С��ֻ��18577.1��Ԫ��ƽ��˾��ʲ��ԣ��Ǽ��ҵ��Ϊ65.1��Ԫ��ǹŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��ִ��ҵ��2��С��Ϊ34.5��Ԫ��ͬ��ͼ��ҵ��ƽ��˾��ʲ��ಢ��󣬶��ҵ��Ǽ��ҵ��ƽ��˾��ʲ��൱�󡣲�ͬ��Ӫ��ҵ�ر��ǹŵ��ҵ��ʲ��Ĳ��ҵ��չ��ģ��Ͷ��ܼ��̶��ء��2��ʾ��ŵ��ҵ��Ͷ��ܼ��͵��ҵ��Ŀ�ﵽ139�ң�ռ�ŵ��ҵ��39.3%��ִ��ҵ��1��ִ��ҵ��2��Ǽ��ҵ��Ͷ��ܼ��ҵ�ļ��μ��٣��ұ��Ҳ��ν��ͣ��ֱ�Ϊ36.3%��29.9%��28.0%��Щ��ݿ��Կ��Ǽ��Ӫ��ҵһ��ģ�൱�󣬶��ʱ��ܼ��Ϊͻ��ִ��ҵ��2��Ҳ��൱��ģ��ܼ��ԣ��ŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��ڹ�Ȩ��һ��ģ��Խ�С��Ͷ��ܼ��Ϊ��ƽ��˾��ʲ��΢��ִ��ҵ��2��ִ��ҵ��1��ƽ��ʲ��ģС�ڹŵ��ҵ��˵��ڹ�Ȩ�߶ȼ��е��ҵ��ȡ�ŵ��ҵ��ģʽ��ã��Ϊ��ӹ��ߵ��ҵ�ػ��ȣ��ί�д��ϵ�ĸ��Կ��ܻ��Լ��ҵ��չ��

����Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺ�ϵ

��һ��ͬ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ч�ıȽ�

��Ҫ��첻ͬ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��ӯ��ӪЧ�档�ӱ�3��ѿ��Ǽ��Ӫ��ҵӯ��ӪЧ�涼�Ƚ�ǿ��ӪЧ��ƽ��ʲ��ת��һ��ָ��Ե��ִ��ҵ��2��֮�⣬��4��ָ�궼��ڵ�һλ��ԶԶ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��ƽ��ʲ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��Ͷ��ʺ�ƽ��˰�ʷֱ�ﵽ25.10%��16.54%��98.76��Ԫ��9.11��ƽ��ʲ��ת��Ϊ1.62��ִ��ҵ��2��ı��ֽ��ڷǼ��Ӫ��ҵ��ָ�궼��ڹŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��ƽ��ʲ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��ʲ��ת�ʡ�ƽ��Ͷ��ʺ�ƽ��˰�ʷֱ�Ϊ14.57%��8.99%��1.62��55.97��Ԫ��2.81��ŵ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��1��ָ���࣬��ŵ��ҵӯ��ӪЧ��Ҫ��ִ��ҵ��1��ƽ��ʲ��ת��Ϊ��ִ��ҵ��1��⣬��ָ�궼Ҫ��ִ��ҵ��1��ŵ��ҵƽ��ʲ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��˰�ʡ�ƽ��ʲ��ת�ʡ�ƽ��Ͷ��ʺ�ƽ��˰�ʷֱ�Ϊ10.61%��7.67%��1.38��49.28��Ԫ��2.52��ִ��ҵ��1��ֱ�Ϊ10.41%��7.46%��1.40��49.28��Ԫ��2.19��

��ݱ��Ǽ��Ӫ��ҵ��Ч��Ҫ��Ժ��ڼ��ҵ��Ⲣ��ҵ��һ��Ҫѡ��Ǽ��徭Ӫģʽ��Ϊ��Щ�Ǽ��Ӫ��ҵ�п��Ϊ��չ��ģ�ͽ׶αȽ��ʺϷǼ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѣ��ҵ��ģ��С��п��ܲ��ʺϷǼ��徭Ӫģʽ��Ϊ��̽��⣬��ڸ��Ӫ��ҵ��ѡ��ʲ��ܹ�ģ��Ƶ��ҵ��ٶ��ӯ��ӪЧ��бȽϡ��4��˲�ͬ��ģʽ��Ӫ��ҵ��ʲ��ģ��5��ϵ��ҵ�ļ�Ч�Ա��Աȱ�3�ͱ�4��ǲ��ѷ��֣��˹ŵ��ҵƽ��ʲ��˰��ɸ��ִ��ҵ��1��Ϊ�Ե��ִ��ҵ��1��⣬��ָ��Ĵ�С��ϵ��û�б仯��С��仯�޶࣬�Ǽ��ҵ��ӯ��ӪЧ��ȻԶԶ��ģʽ��ҵ��ִ��ҵ��2��֮��ŵ��ҵ��Ҳ��Ȼ��ǿ��ִ��ҵ��1��ӱ�4�õ��Щ��Ȼ�ͱ�3�õ��Ľ��һ�£��˵��ʲ��ģ״��Ӱ�첻ͬ��ģʽ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺؼ��ء�

��Ӫ��ҵ��ṹ��ҵ��Ч��ϵ�Ļع��

��Ϊ��̽��Ӫ��ҵ��ͬ��ҵ��Ч�Ĺ�ϵ��ͼͨ��С��˷��Ļع�ģ�ͶԶ��߹�ϵ��лع��ع�ģ�ͷ��һ��Ҫ��и��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ�죬��һ��Ҫ��첻ͬ��Ӫ��ҵ��ҵ��Ч��Ӱ�졣

��1.��һ��Ӫ��ҵ��ҵ��Ч

��ѡȡ��ҵ��۶�Ķ��Ϊ��ʾ��ҵ��Ч�ı��ͱ��ҵ�ʲ��ܶ��ҵԱ��Ϊ��ͱ��Ȩ�ṹ��֯��á��»��Ա��ɡ�Ա��ֹɡ��ִ��ܾ��ݡ��Ա��θ߼��Ա��ֱ��ʾ��ҵ��ͬ��Ӧ�趨Ϊ��Щ�趨��ع�ģ�Ϳ��Բ�ȡ��ʽ��

��У�LOGGS��ҵ��۶�Ķ��LOGGA��ҵ�ʲ��ܶ�Ķ��LOGGE��ҵԱ��Ķ��D_l��D₂��D₃��D₄��D₅��D₆�Ǳ�ʾ��ҵ��D_l��ʾ��Ȩ�ṹ��ҵ��˼��ֱϵ��ӵ�еĹ�Ȩ��50%��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��D₂��ʾ��֯�ṹ��״��ͬʱ��ж��»�ͼ��»ᣬ��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��D₃��ʾ��»ṹ��״��»��ж��¡��Ҫ��Ӫ�߻�ְ��ģ��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��D₄��ʾԱ��ֹ�״��ʵ��Ա��ֹɣ��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��D₅��ʾ��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ݣ��ִ��ܾ��ܲã��ǿعɹɶ��ֱϵ��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��D₆��ʾ��Ա��θ߹ܵ��Ա��θ߹ܵı��30%��Ϊ1��Ϊ0��

��Դ��¼�� ɽ��ѧԺѧ��