�ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��չ��·��ѡ�񣨶��

2013-3-29

��2.��߶�װ��죬ʵ��ɴ�ǿ��ս��ת��

��߶�װ��ҵ��һ��Ը߶˼��Ϊ��졢��ڼ�ֵ��߶˺Ͳ�ҵ��Ļ��ڡ��ҵ��ۺϾ��ս��˲�ҵ��߶�װ��ҵ��װ��ҵ�ĸ߶˲��֣��м��ܼ��ֵ�ߡ��ɳ��ռ��ͻ��ص㣬��ִ��ҵ��ϵ�ļ��ƶ��ҵת��棬��һ��ҵ�ս��Բ�ҵ��ı�־��һ��ҵ�Ļ��ͺ��ľ��ڡ��չ�߶�װ��ҵ��һ��ϵ��ۺ�ʵ��ˮƽ�͹�ҵ��ĳ��ص��񡣸߶��ҵ��й��ҵ��ƶ��й��족��й��족ת�ͷ�չ��Ҫ��

��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬��չ�߶�װ��ҵ�Ǵٽ��ҵ��ת��ʵ��ɴ�ǿ��Ҫץ�֡�Ŀǰ��󹤳�װ��װ��ѱ�ȷ��Ϊ�ҹ��߶�װ��ҵ��ص㡣��ҹ�ʯ��װ��ҵһ��̶��ϴ��ż��͡��Ʒ�ظ��ʸߵ��⡣��Թ��ʹ��ҵ�ľ��ͣ��ڳ��ʯ��װ��ƺ��ҵ��ע��Ҫ�⵽�г��̭��ˣ��߼��װ��ƷҲ��ʯ��ҵӦ��渴�ӵĵ��ʵز�仯�Ŀ͹��Ҫ��Ŀǰ��羭�ø��յĹؼ�ʱ�ڣ��й��ʯ�ͺ�ʯ��ҵ��ٸ��Ӽ��ҵĹ��г��Ҫʯ�ͺ�ʯ��װ��ҵ��һ��߼��ˮƽ��Ϊ��ʯ�ͺ�ʯ��ҵ��ľ��ṩ��֧��^[3]��

��Ŀǰ��Ϣ��߶ȷ��ʱ��Ƽ��㡢����𣬡��ǻۿ�̽��ǻ��꾮��ǻ۲��͡��ǻ۾��ҵ��ǻ��ữѹ�ѡ��ǻ��ͷ��ǻ��족�ȸ��ĸ߶�ʯ�ͼ��Ӧ�ã��ڴ��һ��ʯ�ͿƼ��ȳ��ƶ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��׼�߶ˣ�ѡ׼��ͻ�Ƶ㣬ʵ�ָϳ��չ�Ϳ�Խʽ��չ��δ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��ر��Ϊ�߼��߼��ܡ��߸��ֵ��߼��ɹ�Ӧ�õļ�ֵ��߶˾��߶˾��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��²��֣��Ϊδ��չ�ġ��桱��߶��ҵ��죬��׼�߶ˣ��ռ�߶ˣ��Ӹ߶�Ѱ��ͻ�ƣ��ѳ�Ϊʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��Ѵ�ͳģʽ��ִ��ģʽת�ͷ�չ��ս�Ծ۽��㡣

��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬��Ź��Դ��Ĳ��ʯ��ʯ��ҵ��꾮��װ�á��ˮ��ǳ��̽��豸�ȵ��޴��Ҳ��ʯ��ʯ��߶�װ��ҵ��ʵ��ץ�г��Ժ��ڼӿ��ͷ�չս��˲�ҵ�ľ��2010��32�ţ��ҹ��չ��ܻ��һ��Ϣ���߶�װ��졢��Դ��²��ϡ��Դ��ս��˲�ҵ��ɹ�ҵ��Ϣ��Ȳ��ݵġ��ʮ��塱�߶�װ��ҵ��ҵ��չ�滮��Ԥ�Ƶ�2015�꣬�߶�װ��ҵ��۲�ֵ��6��Ԫ��ϡ�ͬʱ��Ϊ��֧�ֺ��󹤳̵ȸ߶��豸��ҵ�ķ�չ��ʮ��塱�ڼ��ܳ�̨��˰�յķ��ߣ��Щ��Ϊ�ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��һ�ַ�չ��ˣ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��ץס��װ��ҵ�Ĵ�û��ͨ���ĸ��ͻ��ƿ��¢�ϡ��Դ��Ӧװ��ҵ��Ż��Ⱥʽ��չ��ơ��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵҪ��׼�߶ˣ�Χ�ƴٽ�ʯ��ʯ��ҵת��֧��ս��˲�ҵ��չ��һ��⣬�ص��չ��꾮ϵͳ��ǧ��͡��ϩ�ȴ��װ�ã��ú��ҳ��ȷǳ��ڵ��Ȼ��̽��豸����̽��豸��Դ��豸��߶˲�Ʒ��Բ��컯��߸��ֵ�Ĳ�Ʒ�ͼ��췢չ��ӿƼ��µ��ã��ӿ췢չ�߶�װ��ҵ��ҵ��ľ��ȫ�򻯾�Ӫ��Ϊ�ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��ҵ��ṩǿ��ļ��װ��֧�ţ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ǿ��^[4]��

��3.��ڹ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ʻ��Ȩ

��ָ��Ʒ�ͼ��ʱ��ע��գ��𲽰�ԭ��ӹ��豸��Ʒ��㲿��ת��Ϊ�ڱ��Ĺ��̡��װ��Ϊ��Ҫ��Ϊװ��Ǽ��Ͷ�ʡ��Ͷ��Ч��ʵ��е��Ҫ�ٴ롣

��ʮһ�塱�ڼ䣬һ��ʯ��Ŀ��߰εض��벻��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ�Ķ��֧�֡�ͨ��ٴ��£��ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��Ƴ�һ��й��Ƚ�ˮƽ�Ĵ��ʯ�ͺͻ��װ��Ƴ��һ��е��ˮƽ�Ĺ��װ�ã�Ϊʯ�ͺ�ʯ��ҵ�ķ�չ��Ҫ��֧��á�Ϊ��ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ˮƽ��ҡ�ʮһ�塱�ڼ俪չ��ش�װ��ר���Ժ2006��6��28�շ��ˡ��ڼӿ��װ��ҵ��2006��8�ţ��ּ��ϩ��豸��PTA��豸��ú��豸��ͺ��ʯ�͹��װ��ʹ��䴬��Ϊ��ص��ص㡣��ˣ�һ��Ϊ��ս�Ե��ش�װ��й��أ��ʯ��ʯ��ص��ƺƴ��չ��ּ��ϩ�豸��ս�ۡ�һ��˵��һ��ֳ��豸��Ͷ��һ��200��Ԫ��ϣ��豸�ɹ��ռ��Ͷ�ʵ�30%��ң��ﵽ��70��Ԫ��ϩ��ϩѹ��ϩѹ��ѽ��ѹ��Ǵ��ϩ��̵��࣬��Ĺ��Ȼ��Ϊ��ʮһ�塱ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��󹤳̡�2007��ף��ҷ��ί�ش��װ��Э��칫�ҷ��ڼӿ��ƽ��ʯ��װ��ʵʩ��ݸ÷��ʮһ�塱ĩ�ڣ��ʯ��װ��죬��ϩ��PTA��׼��װ��Ȼ��豸��ʲ��75%��2010��10�·��ġ�װ��ҵ��˹滮��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵҪ��ص㽨�蹤��Ϊ��У��ǧ��ּ��͡��ּ��ϩ�ȳ��豸��Լ��ѹ��顢��ݻ�ʽѹ��ؼ��÷��Ϊ�ص㣬�ƽ��ش�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ϩ��豸Ҫ��20��ϵĴ��ѽ�¯��5��ǧ��ϩ�ѽ�ѹ��顢40��/��Ͼ��ϩ��۱�ϩ��鷴Ӧ��ͼ�ѹ��飻��ú��豸��Ҫ��2��000��/��ϴ��ú��¯��úҺ��ؼ�װ�á�

��Ȼ�ҹ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��У��ǿ��ì�ܻ��ҵ�ķ�չ��ڸ߶�װ��40%�Ĵ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ȻҪ��ڣ��װ��Բ��ܺܺõ��ʯ��ʯ��ҵ��ٷ�չ��Ҫ��ر��ڴ��Ƚ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��棬ʯ��ʯ��豸��Դ��ھ޶��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵδ�ܳ�ַ��ҹ��ʯ��ʯ��Ŀ��豸��顰��⡱��ⲻ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ٵ��⣬Ҳ��ҹ��װ��ҵ��һ��ص�ͻ�Ƶķ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��Ϊ��һ��Ҫ��ս��װ��Դ��ȱ��ҵļ��Դ��Ҳ�ǲ��ʵ�ġ��߶�ʯ��װ��¢�Ϲ��г��Ҷ��ҹ��ʵ�з��Գ��ܵļ۸��Ǹ��ɾܾ��ҹ��ʶ��й��ʵ��з��ֻ��ơ��з��Ĳ�Ʒ��ܹ��ǹ��ҵ��Դ��ȫ��ܹ��й��ڹ��ʯ��װ��ҵ�Ļ��Ȩ^[5]��

��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬��½��ˮ��չ��ӷ��ܻ��չ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��չ�ķ��򣬹��Ȼ��һ��ߡ��ʯ��װ��Ҫ��־��ǿʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��Ҫ��֡��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬��һ��Խ��ҹ��һ��Դװ��ı��ء�

��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬��ҵ��Ϣ��Ѿ��ȷ��ҹ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵҪ��ɵ�Ŀ��񣬽�ͨ��ʵʩ��ս�ԣ��ٴ��ʯ��ʯ��ɵ�װ��̣��Ѻ��󹤳�װ��Դ��ܻ��豸��ս��˲�ҵ��У��γ�װ��ҵ�µľ��㡣��Դ��Ҳ��ص��֯��ʵʩ��Ȼ��Һ��󹤳�װ��Ĺ��ֻ�д��ͳ��װ��ʵ�ֹ��ܴӸ��ϰ��ѶԹ��⼼��װ��ٽ�ʯ�ͺ�ʯ��ҵ��չ��չ��ʽ��еĻ��Ȩ��ˣ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵҪץס��Ŭ��ص�Ҫ��δʵ�ֹ��ʯ��װ��Ĺ��أ��ϳ��Ƚ�ˮƽ��ʮ��塱�ڼ䣬ʯ��װ��ҵҪ��־��ýṹս��Ե��Ϊ�ӿ�ת�侭�÷�չ��ʽ��ҵ�ṹ�Ż��У�½��￱̽��ɳĮ��ڵ��ļ��װ��̽��ĸ߶�װ��Լ��ܻ��Զ��ʯ�ͺ�ʯ��װ��ǳ��￱̽��ú��ɰ��ҳ�ҵȼ��װ��Ҫȡ��ص�ͻ�ƣ��߹��ˮƽ��ӿ��γ��ҵ��չ�µľ��㡣

��4.��ѧ��չ��ǿ��

��Ҫ��һ��ҹ��ƵĹ�ҵ��ϵ��һ��ڴ��ͳɱ��Ч�档��Ҫע��ǣ��ָ��Ʒ��ƻ�ȫ��ϵͳ��Ƶ�ǰ��£��ҹ��ҵ��չ��Ʒ��Ĳ�Ʒ��ζ�ţ��ڹ��۸�೤ʱ�䣬�㵽��ʹ��ʴ�100%��Ȼ�ǲ��˺󳾣��Ȼ�߲��󡱵Ĺ�Ȧ��Ŀ�ģ��ҹ�Ҫ��£�Ҫ��ƽ�ؼ��˵��ѡ��ͨ��£��չؼ��Ӧ��Ϊ��ʱ��ƶ��ҹ�ʯ��װ��Ļ��㡣ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ�ļ��ʯ�Ͳ�ҵ��չ�Ļ��ͱ��ϡ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��һ��Ʒ�ַ��ࡢ��ܼ��͵��ҵ��ʯ��װ��ҵ�ڷ�չ��׻��ϵ�л��ͬʱ��Ӧע��ֻ��ܻ��ڲ�Ʒ�е�Ӧ�ã��ڹؼ��Ʒ�ͺ��ļ��ȡ��ͻ�ơ�

��ˣ�ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵҪ��Զ��չ�ĸ߶ȳ��ƶ��ʵ��е��ʯ��װ��ҵ��ս��Ŀ�꣬��ȡ��˼ά��м��޽ӣ��ա��ɴ��¡��µ�ģʽ��ʵ�ֿ�Խʽ��չ��ȣ�Ҫ��µ��ģ��ľ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵһ��Ҫ��Լ��̤ʵ�ص��߳�һ��µĵ�·��Σ�Ҫ�Ӵ��ʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��µ��ʽ�֧��ȡ�Ҫ��ȡ�Ӵ��Ͷ�ʶ�ʯ��װ��Ƽ��֧��ȣ��ȡ�ڹ��ҿƼ��ʽ��ʯ��װ��Ƽ�ר��ص�֧��ʯ��װ��ƽ̨��衣��Ҫ��ܽ��ʯ��װ��Ƽ��º�ʯ��װ��ҵ��չ�ľ��飬��ǿЭ��һ��Ʒ��ɡ��ߣ��ʱ�ƶ��޶��йر�׼��µ��׹��ƶȺͶ��ʯ��װ��ߴ�ʩ��Ϊʯ��װ��ṩ��ϡ��ģ��Ӵ�ʯ��װ��ҵ�ؼ��ļ��ش��Լ��з��ȡ��Ƚ��ļ��졢��ʯ��ʯ��װ��칤ҵ��ص㡢�ֲ��ؽ��Ƚ��õ��ش��װ��ص��ش��Ŀ�У��ø�ˮƽ��Ч��ļ��ش��װ��Ϸ��Ӹ��á��ʮ��塱ʱ�ڣ�Ҫ�ڹ��Һ��װ��ú̿��ת��װ��ʯ��ƹ��װ��Ȼ��ܵ��װ��͸ƽѹ��顢��̥�Ƚ��װ��ʯ�ͺͻ�ѧ��ҵ��ȫ��װ��ȷ��ӿ��ƽ̨��裬�ٽ�ʯ�ͺͻ��ҵ��װ��ˮƽ��Ծ��һ��µ�̨�ס��ѯ��ġ�2011��2016��й�װ��г��о��桷��ʾ��2012��纣�󹤳�װ��ҵӭ��˷�չ�Ļƽ�׶Σ��г��ģ�ﵽ��ǧ��Ԫ��󹤳�װ��רҵ��ϵҲ�ڲ��ƹ��У��Ƚ�ˮƽ��һ��ࡣ��Ժ��ɵĹ��г�ǰ��Ҳ��ҹ��ʯ��װ��з��˸��ߵ�Ҫ��Ԥ��2012�ꡫ2032�꽫�ǹ��ں��ʯ��װ��г��ٷ�չ�Ĺؼ�ʱ�ڡ��ҹ��ĺ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��δ��Ĺ��ʾ��У�ռ��һϯ֮�ء��ݹ��ҷ��ί��4��ί2011��9��16��·��ġ��󹤳�װ��ҵ��·�չս�ԣ�2011��2020��2015�꣬�ҹ�Ҫ��γɺ��󹤳�װ��ҵ��ϵ��󹤳�װ��ƺ��ܰ��켼��ͺ��󹤳�װ��켼��Լ��ؼ��豸��ϵͳ�ĺ��ļ��Һ��Դ��ս��Ҫ��2020�꣬�γ��Ŀ��п��װ��졢�豸��Ӧ��ҵ��ϵ��֪��󹤳�װ��ҵ��󹤳�װ��з��켼��߱��ͺ��󹤳�װ��ƽ��ҵ��ϵ�걸��ǰ�С��壬Ҫ��ѡ��·��ʹ��ģʽ��Ҫ�ӿ�ʯ��װ��Ƽ��ɹ�ת��Լ��չ��ҵ��չ��ƹ�ͷ��֯ʵʩ�й�ʯ��װ��ش��װ��з��Ͳ�ҵ��ʾ��Ŀ��Ŭ��ʵ�ִ��쵽��죬��ģ�µ��µ�ת�䡣�ص㷢չ��֪ʶ��Ȩ��ش��װ��Ҫ��װ��з��Ļ��ϣ�ʵ��ٴ��º��졣��Ҫ��д��Ƽ��˲š��˲ź͸߼��ر��Ҫ��ش�ʯ��װ��Ƽ�ϵͳ��Ƶİμ��˲źʹ�ͷ�˲ţ�Ϊʯ��ʯ��װ��ҵ��չ�ṩ�˲ű��ϡ��ͨ��ʽ��£��Ͽ��ؽ�ȡ��й�ʯ��ʯ��װ��һ��ܹ�ʵ�ִӡ��й��족��й��족�Ŀ�Խ��Ҳһ��ܹ�ʵ�֡��й�װ��װ��й��й�װ��װ��硱��^[6]��

��Դ�� ��ù��