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2012-11-7

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0 ��

20��90��ڣ��ɴ��^[1]�о��ȳ��䴴�¸���о��Ҳ��չ��Ҫ��ѧ��Ӧ��о��ɹ��ӿ�֣�Ŀǰ�ѳ�Ϊ��ʼ��Ҫ��ǰ��о��򡣻ع�iPhone�ֻ��iPadƽ��Զ��ƶ��ĳ��Ԥ��ɴ��㲻��ѧ��ǰհ��о��򣬶��ҿ��һ�ֵļ��ʹ�ƶ��ֻ��ҵ��ϴ�ơ��ɴ��ǰհ�о��Ͳ�ҵ��չ��ش��ս��ͬʱҲ�ṩ��ԭʼ��ºͿ�Խ��չ��

��Կɴ��㼼��Ӧ��Ϊ��㣬��˹��о��ڸ��о��չ��ܽ��˷�չ��Լ�ؽ��⡣

1 �ɴ��㼼��ķ�չ��״

��Ϊ�µļ��ģʽ��ɴ��ĸ����ܡ��̬�͹��ܶ��ڲ��ݽ��Ŀǰ��޽Ϲ淶��ȷ��걸�Ķ��塣��Ϲ��ϵĿɴ��ʽ��ķ��֮һ��ô��˹�ٷ��(Steve M)��Ϊ�ɴ��һ��ϵͳ��û��ĸ��˿ռ�(personal space)��ɴ��߿��ƣ�ͬʱ��в��ͻ��ĳ��ԣ��always on and always accessible��^[2]��

�ɴ��˼��ͳ��20��60��ѳ��֣��Ƚ��д��Ե��ʡ��ѧԺѧ��(Thorp)��ũ(Shannon)��Ƶ��̶ĵļ��20��70��80��ʷ�ٷ��(Steve M)��Apple-II 6502�ͼ��Ƴ��͵��ͷ��ʾ��̬��Ŀɴ��ԭ�͡�

20��80��90��ż��Ӳ��ͻ��Ѹ�ٷ�չ��Զ��׶��ѧ��ʡ��ѧԺ��ͻ�÷¡��ѧ��ױ��Ǵ�ѧ��ʩ��ŷ��ʵ��ҵȿ��л��о��Ա��һ��д��ԵĿɴ��ԭ��(��Wearable Wireless Webcam^[3]��KARMA^[4]��Forget-Me-Not^[5]��VuMan I^[6]��)��

1997�꣬��ʡ��ѧԺ��ͻ�÷¡��ѧ��ѧԺ��Ͼٰ��˵�һ��ʿɴ��ѧ��(IEEE international symposium on wearable computers��ISWC)��ù��ʻ��״��ٿ��ÿ��һ�Σ��Ѿٰ��14�졣�ڼ��߼��о��ƻ��(the defense advanced research projects agency��DARPA)�Լ��˾Ҳ��ξٰ�ɴ��ֻᡣ�Ӵˣ��ɴ��㿪ʼ�õ�ѧ��Ͳ�ҵ��Ĺ㷺��ӣ��ڹ�ҵ��ҽ�ơ��¡��ֵ��ֳ��Ҫ��о��ֵ��Ӧ��Ǳ��

�Կɴ��Ļ��о��ŷ�˶��Ͷ��˾��ʡ��磬ŷ��ίԱ��2004��ĵ��ÿɴ��о��Ŀ��wearIT@work^[7]��ʱ5�ꡣ��ҿ�ѧ��(National Science Foundation)��Ϊ��ĵļ��(human-centered computing)��ר��Ҳ��һ��ɴ��㷽��о��Ŀ��⣬��Ծ��Ĵ��֧��Ҳ��ƶ��ɴ��㼼��ٷ�չ��Ҫ��߼��о��ƻ��֡��½��ͨ�ŵ��˾���Һ��պ��(National Aeronautics and Space Administration��NASA)�ȶ��ǿɴ��о��Ҫ��ߡ��˹��Ӣ��ձ��ͺ��Ķ��ѧ�Ĺ��ѧԺ��ѧ��Ժ��о��ר�ŵ�ʵ��һ��о��רע�ڿɴ��㼼��о��й�ѧ��Ҳ��20��90��ڣ��չ�˿ɴ��о��ʿɴ��о�ͬ��

2 �ɴ��㼼��Ӧ��

��ѧ�Ƶķ�չ��ɴ��ĺ��ĸ��ϵͳ��ܡ��֪�뽻��ȿ�ѧ��ͼ��о��ʼ��㡢��Ϊ��ĵļ��(human-centered computing��HCC)��֪��㡢��Ϣ��ϵͳ(cyber-physical system��CPS)��ѧ��ǰ��ѧ��γ��˽��ں��ƣ��ͼ1��ʾ��һ��ɴ��о��дٳ�һЩ��Ӧ��ģʽ��ӿ�֡�

2.1 ��

�ɴ��ն��ġ�Я��͡��ʽ��ˡ��㡱ģʽ��һ��ո�µ��ֳ��ҵ��Ϣ֧��ģʽ��ǿ��û��ڹ��ռ�(work space)��ر��ǹؼ�ʱ�̹��(intense time critical work)ִ��ʱ��ռ�(daily life space)��лʱ��ܵõ��Ϣ�ռ�(cyber space)��Ȼ��Ч�Ͷ��Э��(group collaboration)��֧�֡��͵�Ӧ�ð��ⳡ��µ�ά��밲װ��ҵ֧��ϵͳ��ͼ2��ʾ^[8]��Ƹ��ϵͳ��Ϊ��뽡��ϵͳ��^[9]��ֻ��ϵͳ��Ҳ��Ŀǰ�ɴ��غͳɹ��Ӧ��ģʽ֮һ��

ͼ1 �ɴ��ѧ��ѧ�ƵĽ��ں�

ͼ2 �ɴ��ҵ��ϵͳ

(��ӿƼ��ѧ�ƶ��ģ�2010��)

2.2 �˻��Эͬ

�ɴ��ͻ��˶��˵ĸ�֪��ܵ��ǿ��ɴ��ϵͳʵ��˽��򸻴��зֲ��ǿ�ͽ��ģʽ��ʹ�û��й�ͨ��ͬʱ��ע��ʵ2��Ϣ�ռ��ʵ��˳��л��2��֮�䣬��ͳ��˻��2��ڣ��Ϣ��ʾ��Ϣ�Ľ��ڿɴ��㷽ʽ�³��仯��磬�ɴ��ϵͳ��֧�ָ�Ч�ĸ��ĸ�֪��ʶ��(context awareness and recognition)^[10]��͵��۶��^[11]��λ�á��̬��֪��^[12]�Լ��ʶ��ȣ��ʹ��Ϣ��Ը��Ȼ��Э��ķ�ʽ��С��⣬��ʾ��Ϣ�Ľ��ڣ��Բ��Ӧ��Դ��/��ʾ�ȶ��̬��칹��ʾ�豸��ͨ��ʾ��Ϣ��ĸ��١��ںϡ��ʵ�ֶԿɴ��ģʽAugmentation��Mediation��֧�֡��ɴ��Խ�ϸ�֪��Эͬ��о��ɹ��о��µĿɴ��ʽ��ƺ��Ӧ�ȷ��չ�ʺϵĽ��ͼ3��Ϊ��ô�ʺ��ѧý��ʵ��ҷ��һ��Ϊ��PaperPhone(ֽ�ֻ�)��ĸ��豸��ʾ��϶��ɵ��ֻ��ʵ��ɴ��ͶӰ��ʾ^[13]��ͼ3��Ϊ΢��Santa Barbara��е�ACM��ֻ��ʾ��һ��ΪOmniTouch�Ĵ��ʽ�豸�Լ�ͶӰ��ػ��ͷ��Ӿ��ʾ^[14]��ͼ3��Ϊ�ǹȸ��һ��ΪProject Glass�Ĵ��ʽ��۾��Ʒ��

ͼ3 ��Ϊ��Դ��ʽ��ɴ��ͶӰ��ʾ��ͷ��Ӿ��ʾ

2.3 ����

�ɴ��ӵ��֮��Ŀ��֮һ��ֲ��ǿ�븨��仯��ͻ��˵����ر��ǹ��Լ��Ϥ�Ļ��о��ܳ�ʱ��ϵ���Ѿ��Ϊһ��ϵ��о��ص㣬ŷ�˺��4 000��ŷԪ��չ��WearIT@work^[7]��Ŀ��2009��ʱ5�꣬�Լ��߿��֧�ֵ�AAL JP��Ŀ(�ܾ��7��ŷԪ��2008��2013��)��ɴ��֧�ֵ�AAL(ambient assisted living)��Ϊ��о��֮һ��ڴ˻��ϵ��͵�Ӧ�ð��ܼҾ�^[15]��ճ����⼰��ȡ�

3 �ɴ��δ��չ��

3.1 �ɴ��ϵͳ��Ħ��ԡ��Ժ��

��˺Ϳɴ��ϵͳ��װ��ռ��ϵ��ʹ�˸��ܵ�һЩ��ڲ��(��ߴ硢��̬��ϡ��λ)�ȷ��ĸ��Ӱ�죬�Ӷ��Ħ��Ժ��⣻��⣬ϵͳ��ʱ��һ��ķ��䡢��񶯵ȣ��Ҳ��⣬��ɶ��ӵ��û��(��clumsy��obstructive��)^[16]��Ǳ��ʶ�Ŀ��ܺ��ų⣬��ֲ��ʽ��װ�ö��⡣��Щ��ʹ�ô�ͳ�Ļ��ھ�̬ģ�͵��^[17]��ܺܺõ��Ӧ�ɴ��о��⣬��Ҫ��ʺϿɴ��̬��ƽ̨�ṹ��ʹ��е�·��ϡ��о��񳡾��ȶ�̬��ģ�ͣ��Խ��ɴ��Ŀ��⡣ͼ4��ʾΪ��Xsens Technologies��˾��MVN BIOMECHϵͳ��ڴ��Լ��

ͼ4 �˶�״̬�µĿɴ��⼰��

3.2 ��幩��ģʽ

�ɴ��ϵͳ��Ϊһ��ƶ��նˣ��Դ�Ǳ��ϡ��Ϳɴ��ԵĹؼ��Ŀǰ��Ҫ��ȡ�͹��Ƽ��ø��ܵ�ص��صĹ��緽��һ��ս�ԵĿ��⣬��߷��硢��̫��ܷ��硢��֯��ƽ��صȶ��Ҫ�ķ�չ��Narure��QIN��Y��׫�ģ��ƿɲ�ȡһ��ά֯�ʹ��ǵ��ճ���У��ά��Ħ��Ϊ��Я�豸��^[18]��

3.3 �ɴ��Ⱥ��

�ڿɴ��ĸ�֪��ǿ��ǿ��ǿ�ͻ��ǿ֧��£�ʹ��ܹ��ӻ��ԵĲ��ữ��֯�ĺ��;��ϵ��ȥ��Ƶ��ġ��ˡ��ˡ��ˡ�Ⱥ�顱�͡�Ⱥ�顪��໥��ã��ٽ��е��͡��ӿ��ԡ��Է��ԡ��͡��¶��ϡ��Ŀɴ��Ⱥ��(wearable based swarm intelligent)�ĳ��֡��̽��ʽӰ��̬��֯��ʽ�ͽṹ��о�ʵ�ָ��Ϊʶ��ھ��˻��ջ��е��Ϣ��ԣ�ά��ɴ��Ⱥ��ܵ�ӿ��Ի��о��ڿɴ��ȴ��֯�ṹ��Ӧϵͳ��߸��ִ��Ϳ��Ż��Ӧ��Ⱦ��Ҫ��ʵ��塣��Ӣ��˹�ش�ѧGerd Kortuem��Ŀɴ��^[19]��ȣ��ͼ5��ʾ��

ͼ5 �ɴ��ģʽ�µġ��ˡ��ˡ��ˡ�Ⱥ�顱��Эͬ

3.4 ��崫��缰�ɴ��ϵͳ

��崫��ɴ��ϵͳ��ǿɴ��Ҫ�о��Ҫ֧�ֶ��˵ĸ�֪��ǿ��ǿ��˲��ȡ��Ȼ�˻��Ҫ�ӵײ㽨��֧�ָ��Ŀɴ��ϵ��ܺ��硣Ŀǰ��崫��(body sensor network��body area network)�о��򣬺ܶ��о��IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee��IEEE 802.11��Bluetooth��GPRS��ANT�ȱ�׼��Ӹ�֪��Ϊ״̬��΢�ڵ㣬�齨��(intrabody)��(out-body)��ͨ��^[20]��BSNͨ�ű�׼IEEE 802.15.6Ҳ��ƶ��С��Ϊ״̬��֪�Ķ�Դ�칹��ݻ�ۡ��㴦��ʹ��ͨ��^[21]��Լ��˶��Ķ�̬��^[22]��ŵ��^[23]��ź�˥��^[24]��ս��Ҫ̽��µ��崫��ϵ�ṹ��͹��ļ��߿ɿ��ͨ�ź��Ϣ��ģ�ͷ��

��⣬�ɴ��˽�Ͱ�ȫ��⡢�ɴ��Ϳɴ��(wearable robot)��Ҳ�ǵ�ǰ�ɴ��ȵ㷽��

Χ�ƿɴ��˷��δ��ƿ�չ�о��ϡ��г��ڿ�ѧ�ͼ��չ��Ҫ(2006��2020)��С�ǰ�ؼ��һ��Ϣ��ķ�չ�滮��Ӧ��һ��ƶ��ͨ�š��Ƽ��㡢��㣬��׼��DNA��ǰ�ط��Ը��ϵͳ�ͼ��ս��Ϊ��̬��ģʽ�ƶ��˼��ն˺�ϵͳ�ṩ֧��ۺ͹ؼ��С�ҹ��ڿɴ��Ҫ��֮��Ĳ�࣬��Ҫ��ѧ��Ӧ��о��ֵ��

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