��ۺϳ��к��ľ��Ҫ�ط��

2012-3-2

ժҪ����ҹ��WTO��ҵ�׷��̲�й��г��ҹ��ҵ�г��ҡ��й��ҵҪ��Ĵ󻷾��棬��뷢չ�Լ��ĺ��ľ��ҵ��ȣ��ҹ��ҵ�ں��ľ��ϴ��⡣��ҵ��ߴ��ԵĴ��ۺϳ��Ϊ�о��󣬷��ľ��Ĺ��أ�Ϊ�ҹ��ۺϳ��ľ��ṩ�ο��

�ؼ��ʣ���ۺϳ��У��ľ��Ҫ��

һ��

��ҵ��һ��ֹ��ҷ��˥�˵��ҵ��һ��ȫ��û��Ӱ��2001�꿪ʼ��ֶ��500ǿ֮�ף��ҵ��500ǿ�еı��Ҳ��10%��ң��ʹ��Ƕ��ҵ�Ĺ�ע��ҵ�ϣ��ҵ��о��Ϊ�ȵ㡣��1992��ҹ�ʵ��ҵ��⿪��Ե��һ��۾��̰Ѿ��13��˿ڡ��ø��ˮƽ�͹��ߵ��й�ȷ��Ϊ��ѡĿ��г��׷��̲�й��ҵҲ��Ϊ�ҹ��ҵ��ʿ��Ϊ��ҵ��ҵ֮һ��Ҽ��б��ڴ��ۺϳ��ҵ̬�ϡ�2003��λ��۰�ǿǰ6λ��ֶ��ꡢ��ָ��ҵñ��޸�̩˹�ˣ��λ�ӵ�5λ�Ŀ��޸�û�н��й��⣬��ѽ��й��ҷ�չ��ܿ죬��ͱ��ˣ��ҹ��Ĵ��ۺϳ��پ޴��뷢չѹ��ۺϳ��ξ�Ӫ��λ��Ӱ��侭Ӫ��λ�Ĺؼ��ʲô��Ƶ�ԴȪ��ڣ��ҵ��ѧ��繲ͬ˼��֮һ��

��ҵ�ķ��༰��ҵ��ľ��

1.��ۺϳ��еĶ��弰��

��ݹ��ල��2000��5��19�շ��GB/T18106-2000��ҵ̬��ࡷ��ұ�׼��ҵ��Ϊ�ٻ��ꡢ��г��ۺϳ��С��ꡢרҵ�ꡢר��ꡢ��ġ��ִ��̵ꡢ�Ҿ��9��ҵ̬��׼��9��ҵ̬�Ķ��弰�ṹ�ص��˹涨��д��ۺϳ��еĶ��弰��£�

��ۺϳ��general merchandise store(G.M.S)��ȡ��ѡ��۷�ʽ��۴��ڻ�ʵ��ƷΪ��г��ۿ��̵�ľ�Ӫ��ƺ�Ϊһ��ġ��˿�һ��Թ�ȫ��ҵ̬^[1]��

��ۺϳ��ҵ̬�ṹ�ص��ٲ�ȡ��ѡ��۷�ʽ��Ӫ��ʽ��Ʒ��ʳƷΪ��Ӫ��װ��ðٻ��ҵ��е͵��Ʒ��Ʒ��ȫ��ӱ��ҵ��Ʒ�ƿ��̵�Ӫҵ��Ӧ��ͣ��Ŀ��˿�Ϊ��Ƶ�ʸߵľ��񣻢��Ȧ��Χ�ϴ󣻢��̵�Ӫҵ��һ��2500ƽ��ϣ��ѡַ�ڳ��ϲ��סլ��ͨҪ��

2.��ҵ��ľ��ص�

(1)��ľ��ĺ��

��ľ��(core competence)Ҳ�ƺ��1990��ս��ѧ��(C.K.Prahalad)�͹�Ĭ(Gary Hamel)�ڡ��˾��ľ��һ��״��һ����Ϊ��ҵ��ľ��ǡ��֯�еĻ��ѧʶ��ر��ǹ��Э��ͬ��ܺ��л��϶��ּ��ɵ�ѧʶ��^[2]��ǵ��Ҫ�۵��ǣ��ٺ��ľ��֯��е�ѧʶ��ǹ�˾��Դ��ĳ��˻�ս��ҵ��Ԫר�еģ��ں��ľ��ҵ��ܺͼ��ļ򵥶��Ǽ��Э��ϵĽ��Ҫ��Ľ��룬ͨ��мƻ��г��С��з��̵Ŀ��ơ��ЧӪ��ϵ�ͷ��ȷ��г��ṩ�о��Ĳ�Ʒ��ͻ��˺��ľ��Ҫ�صļ��ԡ�

��ҵ�ĺ��ľ��ָ��ҵ��һ�龭Ӫ��ܺͷ��ĺ�г��ϣ��Ϊ�˿ʹ��ֵ��ԴȪ��׼ȷ�γ��ҵ��Ӫ��λ�Ĺؼ��أ�Ҳ��ҵ��ó��ƽ��ȷ��ƵĻ��^[3]��

(2)��ҵ��ľ��ص�

��ҵ��ľ��м�ֵ�ԡ�ϡȱ�ԡ�֪ʶ�ԡ�ϵͳ�ԡ��չ�ԡ��־��ԡ��ɱ��ԡ�ģ��Ե��ص㡣��ҵ��ͬ��һ��ҵ��ֱ��Թ��ߣ��Ҫ��۶��Ʒ��ľ��Ҳ��ͬ��һ��ҵ��һ��ص�֮�⣬��Լ��ص㣬��Ҫ��^[4]��ٹ�ģ�ԡ��ҵ��ҵ��Ӫ�ķ�ʽʵ�ֹ�ģ��Ӫ��ģ��Ӫ��Խ��ҵ�ľ�Ӫ�ɱ��ģ�Գ�Ϊ��ҵ��ҵ��һ��ơ��ڷ��ԡ��ҵ�ĺ��ľ��ڷ��ǲ�Ʒ�ϣ�Ϊ�˿��ļ�ֵҲ��ر��ڽ��ʱ�䡢��ԡ��ġ��ȫ�Լ��۸��ϡ��֪ʶ�ԡ��֯��ҵ�ĺ��ľ��о��и��Ҫ�ĵ�λ��ļ��ȣ��֯��֪ʶ�Ը�ǿ��ظ��󣬶��֯��ѧϰ��Ҫ��ߣ��ʱ��Ҳ��ܲ��ԡ��ҵ��ж��ľ�Ӫҵ̬��ͬ��ҵ̬��ߵ��ҵ�Ƕȿ��ҵ֮��ĺ��ľ��нϴ�Ĳ��ԣ�ʵ�ʹ��Ҳ��Ӹ��ӡ�

��ۺϳ��к��ľ��Ĺ��Ҫ��

��ۺϳ��к��ľ��ָ��ۺϳ��ӵ�еĳ�Խ��ҵ̬��ͬ��ҵ��ʹ�Լ��ֳ��ھ��Ʋ��ȶ��չ��ۺϳ��ҵ��ľ��Ҫ�ذ��Ӫ��ѡַ��Ч�ʵ��֯Э��Ϣ��ϵͳ��ͳɱ��Ӫ��Ӧ�̿��Լ��ҵ�Ļ��ͼ1��ʾ��

ͼ1 ��ۺϳ��к��ľ��

1.��Ӫ��

��ڶ��˿��ڳ��д��ڳ嶯�Թ��Ϊ��ܳ��д����Ӱ��Զ��׼��ˣ��ۺϳ��б��ǿ��Ӫ��ü۸��д��ȸ��Ӫ��ֶε��Ǹ��ִ��ֶ��л��ۺ�Ӫ��ۺϳ��еľ��ʵ��֮һ��ۺ��ø��ִ��ֶε��Ӫ��ǿ��ǡ�

2.ѡַ��

ѡַ�Ǿ��ҵ�ɹ��Ҫ��֮һ��ۺϳ��ȷ��ѡַ��γ��λ��ƣ��ɹ��Ⱦ��Ҳ��ʵ�־�Ӫ��ģ��׼��רҵ��ǰ��ͻ��ϵ��̵ľۿ��Ϊ��һ��һ��˵��˿ͽ��й��ʱ��̵�λ��ǵ��Ҫ��֮һ��ͨ��˿ͻ�ѡ��ס��λ��ĵط��ڶ��̿��õ��̵�λ��ɳ��ľ��ơ��Խ�ĵ��λ��ǲ��Դ��ۺϳ��ȫ��Χ�ڵ��ţ��ȽϺõĵ��λ�ø��ϡȱ��ռ��λ��Ƶ��̾;��һ��߲��ģ�µ�ս��ơ�

3.��Ч�ʵ��֯Э��

��ۺϳ��Ӫ��Ʒ��࣬��ֱ��Թ��ߣ��ˣ��빩Ӧ��֮��Լ��ҵ�ڲ��֮��ĸ�Ч��֯Э��ܼ�Ϊ�ؼ��Ż��ۺϳ��еļ�ֵ��Խ��ͳɱ�Ҳ��Ҫ��塣��Ч�ʵ��֯Э��һ֧ǿ��Ĺ��ŶӺ��ִ��Ϣ��ʳƷ�ľ�Ӫ��Ʒ��Ǹ�Ч��֯Э��ܵ��Ҫ��֮һ��

4.��Ϣ��ϵͳ

��ҵ̬��ݱ䡢�г��ı�Ǩ��ҵ��ҵ�н��ս��Ե�λ��Ϊ��ҵ��塣��Ϣ��ϵͳ��ָ��ҵ��ü��ϵͳ��ʱ��ʵʱ��Ϣ��ϵͳ(POS)��Ӷ��ϵͳ(ROS)��ٷ�ӳϵͳ(ECR)�ȡ��ÿ��Ʒ�ӽ��桢��͡��ϼܵ��۵��Ʒ��̽��и��ټ�¼�ͷ��ɸѡ��Ʒ��Ʒ��ʱ��Ϳ�棬ʹ��޶ȵ��Ʒ�ĳ��ۡ��ڴ�ͳ��ҵ�У��ְ�ܲ��ų��ܺܺ�Эͬ��ɹ��Ϊ��ɹ�Ԥ�㣬��ȵ��Ʒ��ִ��׷��Ʒ��ʹ��Ʒ��治��Ρ��ִ��ҵ��Ҫ��Ʒ�ƶ��йص��в��ű��Эͬ��Ϊ��ҵ��Ŀ�꼰��ȡһ��ж��Ϣ��ϵͳ�Ǵ��ۺϳ��л�õͳɱ��ĸ��Ҫ��֮һ��

5.�ͳɱ��Ӫ��

��ۺϳ��о�Ӫ��Ʒ��Ҫ��ʳƷ��Ʒ��Щ��ÿ��Ҫ��󡢹��Ƶ��Ʒ��߶Լ۸�ʮ��У��;��˴��ۺϳ��б��ȡ��ͳɱ��ë��ͼ۸񡱵ľ�Ӫ��롣��ҵ�ܹ��Ը��͵ĳɱ��ṩ��侺��ͬ��Ʒ�ͷ��ô��Ǿ��ܻ�ñ��侺��ָ��ߵı߼��ͬʱ��ʹ�ü۸��Ĺ˿͡��ֶ��֮��Ծ��۵�һ��ӵ��ھ��ֵĵͳɱ��ʹ��ھ��˸��Ȩ��ͳɱ�ȡ��ҵ�ľ�Ӫ��ģ��ɱ��Ƶ��Ч�ԡ�

6.��Ӧ�̿��

��ۺϳ��ֱ��Ե��ǹ��ߣ��ڹ�Ӧ��һ��׶Σ��Ч�ؽ��й�Ӧ�̿��Ǵ��ۺϳ��к��ľ��Ҫ��ɲ��֡��Ӧ��Ǵ��ۺϳ��Ϊ�˿ʹ��ֵ��ߣ��ۺϳ��ͬ��Ӧ�̵Ĺ�ϵ��ͬ��˿͵Ĺ�ϵһ��Ҫ��ڵ��Ҳ��ױ��ʴ��ۺϳ��Ӧ��ҵ�ĳ�Զ��빩Ӧ�̽��š��ݡ��ĳ��ں��ϵ��Ҫ��ۺϳ��в��Ҫ�߱��г��Ԥ��Ӧ��ܹ��ϲ�õı仯��ѡ��Ӧ�Ĺ�Ӧ�̣��Ҫ��빩Ӧ�̵Ĺ�ϵ��ۺϳ��빩Ӧ�̽��ȹ̵Ĺ�ϵ��ǿ��̵ĺ��ľ��

7.��ҵ�Ļ�

��ҵ�Ļ��ҵ��ͷ�չ�ľ��֧��ҵ�Ļ��չʾ��ҵ�ɹ��Ĺ��õľ�Ӫ״��͸��еľ��ò��ҵ�޴��ʲ��ҵ�Ļ��Ϊ��ۺϺ��ľ��Ҫ��֮һ��ڷ��ϡ��ۺϳ��Ӧ��һ��Ļ��£��ҵ�ķ��ȫ��Ա��Ļ��ʵ��γ��ҵ��ͬ��ֵ����Ӫ����¹淶�͹��ҵ��Լ��Ʒ�ƣ�Ʒ�Ƶĺ��ʵ�ںܴ�̶��ҵ�Ļ��ڲ�Ʒ�ϵ�һ��ﻯ��ٴΣ��ҵ��Ը��ӵľ��г��Ҫ��ۺϳ��б��벻�ϵ�ѧϰ��£��ǿ�Ի��Ӧ��Է��г��ᣬ��˿ͼ�ֵ��ó־õľ��ơ�

�ġ��

�ڹ��г��У��κξ��ҵ��ľ��Ľ��û�к��ľ��û�г־õľ��ƣ�û��˾��ƣ��Ͳ��˾�࿹�⡣��ۺϳ��ֱ��Ե��ǹ��ߣ��֮��ҵĹ��ʾ��ֻ�п�ѧ��ľ��ں��빹�ɣ��õ��Ʒ��ٶȡ��͵ĳɱ��ŵķ��ѵĻ��˿��󡣲��ھ��д��ڲ��ܵľ��ء�

��߼�飺��(1985-)��Ů��ˣ�˶ʿ�о��Ҫ��¹��ѧ�빤��о��Ǯ��(1965-)��Ů��Ͼ��ˣ��ڣ��Ҫ��¹��ѧ�빤�̡��ҵս�Թ��о�.

�ο��ף�

[1]�ňң��־��.�۴��ҵ�ĺ��ľ��[J].��ҵ�о��2008(2).

[2]Prahalad C K, Hamel G. The core competence of the coporation[J].Harvard Business Review, 1990, 68(3): 79-91.

[3]��ͣ��.��ҵ��ľ��̽��[J].��2004(5).

[4]��ƽ.�й��ҵ��(��1��)[M].��ҵ��磬1999��70-73.

��Դ��¼�� Ƽ��ѧѧ��